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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">13469760.0023.113</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Absinthe</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2377-3456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Ann Arbor, MI</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">13469760.0023.113</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="handle">http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.13469760.0023.113</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>“Aleppo, Aleppo”“Without Exit”(poetry)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yeramian</surname><given-names> Maroush</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="translator"><name><surname>Pifer</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-10-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Unscripted: An Armenian Palimpsest</issue-title><permissions><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.</license-p></license></permissions></article-meta></front><body>
<sec>
<title>Aleppo, Aleppo</title>
<verse-group>
<verse-line style="display:block;">The soil wasn’t mine</verse-line>

  <verse-line style="display:block;">but it became mine</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">when my grandfathers were buried there.</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">They had come</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">with the dream of the USA</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">from Dikranagerd</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">to here</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">where the sky had sprinkled a glaucous dream</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">in their dreamless,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">anguished souls</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">where the crimson soil had given birth</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">to wheat, to bread</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">to an unrealized faith in sweet life.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">The soil wasn’t mine</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">but it became mine</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">when my <italic>hani</italic> was born here</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">my grandmother</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">who went by <italic>Khanum</italic><xref rid="n1" ref-type="fn">1</xref></verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">(she was renamed</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Zvart Kasbarian)</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and at her wedding</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">with a jaundiced smile and arms raised</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">she danced ‘<italic>lemune al-lemune</italic>’ fervently.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">The language wasn’t mine</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">but the echo reached my ear</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">from distant</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Ani, from king Gagik,<xref rid="n2" ref-type="fn">2</xref></verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and from our history’s flowing plait:</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">securely woven by many hands,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">undone by the same</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">nomadic</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">races.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">But the pain was ours, mine from the beginning:</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the pain of tortured earth and spilt blood was mine</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">(for both were equal, the same)</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">upon this soil</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;"/>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">blue in blood</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and in this tongue</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">I was this place</verse-line>
  <verse-line><styled-content style="">    and this place was mine, just as the forest</styled-content></verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">or the heavens belong to the hind.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">But the fire came down;</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">heaven renounced her children</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">who remained landless, skyless,</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and who were lost</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">in a place between</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">reality and the evening news.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">The place disowned us</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">along with the sky;</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">we, who exalted it upon our shoulders</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and cared for it by the shade of our eyelashes.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">The swallows were late for their rendezvous</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">(in the afternoon of every spring</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">at 4 o’clock)</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">with children released from school</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and the cascading blessing</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">of evening.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Heaven was pierced with holes</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and the swallows don’t understand—</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">why there were no boys of the “wooden square”</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">awaiting them?</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Or why were their no sellers of <italic>zeit</italic> and <italic>zaatar</italic>?<xref rid="n3" ref-type="fn">3</xref></verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">There was only a petrifying, pregnant silence</verse-line>
  <verse-line><styled-content style="">—silence, as if, a female—</styled-content></verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">ready, at any moment, to birth terror. </verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Under the pierced sky</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">there was a pierced map</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">where we had stopped,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">had found a foothold in this place.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Over us,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the blessings of swallows</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">from whom we learned to sing</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">during our nights around the citadel</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">sweetened by the fragrance of hookahs.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">In those days,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">time was our friend:</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the deep blue of night</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">would smoke with us</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and would sing duets, ballads of the old knights</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">whose names were engraved</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">on the gates</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">of the citadel:</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">“I neither forget</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">nor remember the future . . .”</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">(the latter, arm-in-arm with time,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">slipped out of our city,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">leaving behind dust,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">oblivion)</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">now, a place, in a pit of the earth,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">in the presence of forgotten monasteries, we draw breath</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the tenderness of turtledoves warbling</verse-line>
  <verse-line><styled-content style="text-align: right; display: block;">over our shoulders.</styled-content></verse-line>
</verse-group>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Without Exit</title>
<verse-group>
<verse-line style="display:block;">I kneaded the earth</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and my hands bled.</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the brooks bled</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and the verdure burned</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">but still I kneaded,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">opening casks of royal,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">ancient oil,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">sifting for salt</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">in a lake of tears.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Look, there</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">under August’s sun</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">dreams are desiccated,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">furrow by furrow;</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">rats gnaw on the buds.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">The mysterious</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">subterranean tunnels of old</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">have consigned the echoing cry of <italic>ya-leyl</italic></verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">— <italic>oh night!</italic> — to clay jugs;</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the toothless mouths of old women</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">have frozen</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">in a curse toward heaven.</verse-line>
  <verse-line><styled-content style="">     Corpses fester there.</styled-content></verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">The gurgling of ponds on the <italic>iwan</italic></verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">has fallen silent in dread.</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">There’s no soul left</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">who might question the ruins.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Our surroundings, strained from the beginning</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">grow tighter,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">constricting like a noose:</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">it’s impossible to draw even a half-a-breath.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">And we tear apart</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the Arabian courtyards of our inner-worlds:</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the red soil spills forth from the pots,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">abandoned plants wither.</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">So we rip down garlands,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">destroy etchings,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">stairs,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">looking for the snake</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">who, until now, has been the <italic>uğur</italic>,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the good luck of home.</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Was he just a fairy-tale</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">told after dark?</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">We are always awake, even now.</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">But—</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">why does the nightmare continue on?</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">The church bell-tower is gone</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">there’s no ringing</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">to rouse us from this longing.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">Why did we cast down the staff?</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">it was necessary to go far:</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">to seek immortality in the corners of disappearance.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">We, the vagrant,</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">we search, wandering, for our secrets—</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">why did we cast down the staff?</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">we threw off our shoes</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">and surrendered to oblivion</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the road to heaven</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the road</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">that always winds through hell.</verse-line>
  
  <verse-line style="display:block;">the pigeons still live together:</verse-line>
  <verse-line style="display:block;">their numbers grow strong.</verse-line>
</verse-group></sec>
<sec><title/><p><italic>“The worst place in the world?” asks the headline of an article from The Guardian on March 12, 2015. “Aleppo in ruins after four years of civil war.” Certainly, these two poems by Maroush Yeramian draw from a poetics of destruction in which the principal characters—displaced persons, abandoned buildings, and warbling turtledoves—bring to life a cityscape that oscillates between the highly intimate and the jarringly alien.</italic></p><p><italic>Yeramian, who was born and lived much of her life in Aleppo, has observed the decimation of her country firsthand. However, it would be a mistake to assume these translations reductively “witness” the tragedy of the Syrian civil war to an international audience. As Yeramian asserts, the inhabitants of her poems are lost “in a place between / reality and the evening news.” By extension, these poems do something that neither “reality” nor the “evening news” can offer. To read them only for information, as though perusing a newspaper, would risk missing something essential about the representational mode that Yeramian employs.</italic></p><p><italic>Where is this “place between,” the place where poetry offers an alternative to the twin pitfalls of reporting and witnessing? To a limited extent, it is located in Yeramian’s language, as these poems weave Arabic and Turkish words into a Western Armenian context. This intersection of lexicons would be familiar to any Armenian living in the Middle East; it reflects not only the hybridity of a diasporic experience, but also a way of living and being in Aleppo as an Armenian. Rather than erase this lexicon, my translations do not replace Arabic and Turkish words with their English equivalents. That said, the intimacy of Yeramian’s lexicon is also reversed here: to an English reader, words like uğur and ya-leyl might now evoke a foreign quality.</italic></p><p><italic>We can find a similar reversal in the original language as well. These poems explore the literal translation of Aleppo’s cityscape into something unrecognizable: an intimacy inverted. It’s this uncanny interplay between familiar and foreign, interior and exterior, intimate and other that constitutes Yeramian’s poetics in Armenian. Therefore, I have sought to generate an analogous interplay here, even though our frames of reference must necessarily change.</italic></p><p><styled-content style="text-align: right; display: block;"><italic>Michael Pifer</italic></styled-content></p></sec>
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  <fn-group><fn id="n1"><p>A woman of rank in Iran or Turkey (the modern Turkish equivalent is <italic>hanım</italic>).</p></fn><fn id="n2"><p>The medieval city of Ani, located today in eastern Turkey, was the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia.</p></fn><fn id="n3"><p><italic>Zeit</italic> is the Arabic word for olive oil; <italic>zaatar</italic>, or thyme, is often prepared as a common seasoning mixed with sesame seeds, sumac, and salt.</p></fn></fn-group>
  </back></article>